[目的]为探究长期施用控释尿素对北方石灰性潮土土壤酸度、酸碱缓冲能力及肥力的影响。[方法]基于自2008年开始的长期定位小麦玉米轮作施肥试验，设计掺混控释尿素和普通尿素2种氮肥类型及不施氮[N 0 kg/(hm2·a)]、常量[N 540 kg/(hm2·a)]和增量[N 810 kg/(hm2·a)]3 个施氮水平，于2022年玉米季成熟期采集0-80 cm 土层土壤样品，测定土壤酸碱缓冲容量、土壤碳酸钙含量与土壤养分。[结果](1)控释尿素减缓了因施氮导致的土壤缓冲容量和pH下降，缓解了土壤酸化过程。常量掺混控释尿素、增量掺混控释尿素处理的缓冲容量分别较普通尿素处理常量普通尿素、增量普通尿素升高5。22％和11。17％，常量掺混控释尿素、增量掺混控释尿素处理的pH分别较常量普通尿素、增量普通尿素升高0。17和0。08个单位。(2)控释尿素提高了土壤阳离子交换量与交换性钙镁含量，提高了耕层土壤的活性碳酸钙含量，常量掺混控释尿素和增量掺混控释尿素处理活性碳酸钙含量分别较常量普通尿素和增量普通尿素处理升高52。08％和45。31％。同时，控释尿素减缓了土壤深层次土壤碳酸钙含量损失。(3)控释尿素提高了土壤全氮、有机质、硝态氮和铵态氮含量。[结论]长期施用控释尿素缓解了因施用氮肥导致的土壤酸化，提高了土壤活性碳酸钙含量，提高了土壤肥力。
Effects of Long-term Application of Controlled-Release Urea on the Acid-Base Buffering System and Soil Fertility in Fluvo-aquic Soils
[Objective]To investigate the effects of long-term application of controlled-release urea on soil acidity,acid-base buffering capacity and fertility of northern calcareous tidal soils.[Methods]Based on a long-term field trial of positioning fertilization since 2008,two types of nitrogen fertilizers,blended controlled-release urea(CRF)and ordinary urea(BBF),and three levels of nitrogen application,namely,no nitrogen application(N 0 kg/hm2),constant nitrogen application(N 540 kg/hm2)and incremental nitrogen application(N 810 kg/hm2),were designed,and soil samples were collected from 0-80 cm during the ripening of the maize season of 2022 to determine the acid-base buffering capacity,soil calcium carbonate content and soil fertility of soil.Samples were collected from 0-80 cm soil at the maturity of the corn season in 2022 to determine the soil acid-base buffer capacity,soil calcium carbonate content and soil nutrients.[Results](1)CRF slowed down the decline of soil buffer capacity and pH value caused by N application and alleviated the process of soil acidification.The buffer capacity of constant CRF and incremental CRF treatments increased by 5.22％and 11.17％,respectively,and the pH of constant CRF and incremental CRF treatments increased by 0.17 and 0.08 units,respectively,compared with that of constant BBF and incremental BBF.(2)CRF increased the soil cation exchange and exchangeable calcium and magnesium content and increased the active calcium carbonate content of the tillage soil,and the active calcium carbonate content of the constant CRF and incremental CRF treatments increased by 52.08％and 45.31％compared with that of the constant BBF and incremental BBF treatments.Meanwhile,CRF slowed down the loss of soil calcium carbonate content in deep soil layers.(3)CRF increased soil total nitrogen,organic matter,nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content.[Conclusion]Long-term application of CRF alleviated soil acidification caused by nitrogen fertilizer application,increased soil active calcium carbonate content,and improved soil fertility.
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