[目的]坡地改梯田是黄土塬区重要的水土保持和农业措施,明确梯田侧壁(梯壁)对梯田土壤水分空间分布的影响有助于保持梯田水分,提高梯田生产力.[方法]通过对黄土塬区典型人工高坡(梯壁高5 m)梯田不同位置土壤取样测定含水量和土壤物理化学性质,分析梯田土壤水分的空间分布特征和影响因素.[结果]随着距梯壁距离的增加,梯田0-300 cm 土层土壤储水量从15.9 mm增加至328.6 mm,呈显著上升趋势;梯壁蒸发量从318.0 mm逐渐降低至83.4 mm;梯面宽为300 cm时,梯壁蒸发量可以达到土壤储水量的33％～38％.土层深度和距梯壁的距离是影响梯田土壤含水量的主要因素,土壤颗粒组成和有机质含量与土壤含水量的相关性较低.[结论]黄土塬区梯壁导致的侧向蒸发显著影响梯田土壤水分分布,导致侧壁一侧土壤水分降低.在梯田的维护和管理中应采取适当措施降低梯田侧壁蒸发导致的水分损耗.
The Terraced Walls Significantly Influence the Spatial Distribution of Soil Water in Terraced Areas on the Loess Plateau
[Objective]Converting slopes into terraces is a crucial soil and water conservation and agricultural measure on the Loess Plateau.Understanding the impact of terraced walls on soil water is conducive to preserving soil water and enhancing terrace productivity.[Methods]Soil samples were collected from different locations on typical artificial high-slope terraces(terraced wall height of 5 meters)on the Loess Plateau to measure soil water content and soil physical and chemical properties.The spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of soil water were analyzed.[Results]The results showed that as the distance from the terraced wall increased,the soil water storage in the 0-300 cm soil layer increased significantly from 15.9 mm to 328.6 mm.The evaporation from the terraced wall decreased gradually from 318.0 mm to 83.4 mm.When the terrace width was 300 cm,the evaporation from the terraced wall could account for 33％to 38％of the soil water storage.The depth of the soil layer and the distance from the terraced wall were the main factors influencing soil water content,while the correlation between soil particle composition as well as organic matter content and soil water content was low.[Conclusion]Lateral evaporation caused by the terraced walls on the Loess Plateau significantly affects the distribution of soil moisture,leading to a reduction in soil water on the side adjacent to the walls.Appropriate measures should be taken in terrace maintenance and management to reduce soil water loss due to evaporation from the terraced walls.
Loess Plateauterraced wallssoil water contentside evaporation
万方数据
维普
