水土保持学报2024，Vol.38Issue(6) ：333-342.DOI:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.06.034

化肥减量配施秸秆和有机肥对酸化土壤改良及侵蚀阻控的影响

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Straw and Organic Fertilizer Application on Soil Acidification Mitigation and Erosion Control

申梦雪 郝芮 刘新伟 危万浩 操云飞 舒胡佳 郝宗宇 王沪玉 王玲 史志华
水土保持学报2024，Vol.38Issue(6) ：333-342.DOI:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.06.034
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  • 万方数据

化肥减量配施秸秆和有机肥对酸化土壤改良及侵蚀阻控的影响

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Straw and Organic Fertilizer Application on Soil Acidification Mitigation and Erosion Control

申梦雪 1郝芮 1刘新伟 1危万浩 1操云飞 1舒胡佳 1郝宗宇 1王沪玉 1王玲 1史志华1
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作者信息

  • 1. 华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉 430070
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摘要

[目的]合理施用秸秆和有机肥能有效改良土壤,对土壤酸度和抗侵蚀能力产生积极作用.[方法]以酸化红壤为研究对象,对比常规施肥(CK),化肥减量(30％)和秸秆还田(6 000 kg/hm2,FSM0),及化肥减量(30％)加上秸秆还田(6 000 kg/hm2)和配施不同梯度有机肥(1 500,3 000,4 500,6 000 kg/hm2)(FSM1、FSM2、FSM3、FSM4)对油菜生长各阶段土壤性质和产量的影响.[结果]化肥减量配施秸秆和有机肥显著改善土壤酸度和养分状况(p＜0.05),与CK相比,5种处理下土壤pH提高0.05～0.25个单位,交换性H+、交换性Al3+、交换性酸分别降低10.82％～39.81％,5.18％～22.10％,5.67％～23.90％,交换性盐基总量上升7.63％～34.68％;土壤全氮和有机质含量也显著提高(19.22％～62.86％和18.43％～61.50％).土壤力学特性分析显示,随着有机肥施用量的增加,土壤抗剪强度明显提升,而黏聚力和内摩擦角则呈现先升高后下降的趋势.FSM2处理下,抗剪强度、黏聚力和内摩擦角均达到峰值,与CK相比,分别提高22.22％,20.06％和11.38％.经济效益分析表明,FSM2处理的净收入最高.[结论]综合考虑土壤酸化改良、肥力提升、结构改善,以及油菜经济效益,推荐措施为化肥减量(30％)结合秸秆还田(6 000 kg/hm2)和施用3 000 kg/hm2有机肥.研究结果可为酸化土壤改良与增产提供科学依据.

Abstract

[Objective]To demonstrate that appropriate application of straw and organic fertilizer can effectively improve soil quality,have a positive effect on soil acidification mitigation and erosion control.[Method]Acidified red soil was used as the research object and a comparative analysis was performed for the effects of conventional fertilization(CK),chemical fertilizer reduction(30％),straw returning(6 000 kg/hm2,FSM0),and the combination of chemical fertilizer reduction(30％)coupled with straw returning(6 000 kg/hm2)and different gradients of organic fertilizers(1 500,3 000,4 500 and 6 000 kg/hm2)(FSM1,FSM2,FSM3,and FSM4)on soil properties at different stages of rapeseed growth and rapeseed yield.[Results]The reduction of chemical fertilizers combined with straw and organic fertilizer application significantly(p＜0.05)improved soil acidity and nutrient status.Compared with CK,soil pH increased by 0.05～0.25 unit under the five treatments,while exchangeable H+,exchangeable Al3+,and exchangeable acids decreased by 10.82％～39.81％,5.18％～22.10％and 5.67％～23.90％,respectively.Additionally,the total exchangeable base increased by 7.63％～34.68％,and the total nitrogen and organic matter contents in the soil also significantly increased(by 19.22％～62.86％and 18.43％～61.50％,respectively).Analysis of soil mechanics properties indicated that with the increase of organic fertilizer application,soil shear strength was significantly enhanced,while the cohesion and internal friction angle exhibited a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.Under FSM2 treatment,the shear strength,cohesion,and internal friction angle all reached their peak values,with a respective increase of 22.22％,20.06％and 11.38％relative to CK.Economic benefit analysis revealed that FSM2 had the highest net income.[Conclusion]Based on soil acidification improvement,fertility enhancement,structural improvement,and rapeseed economic benefits,chemical fertilizer reduction(30％)coupled with straw returning(6 000 kg/hm2)and 3 000 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer application can be recommended as the optimal management strategy.The results of this study can provide a scientific foundation for improving soil acidification and increasing crop yields.

关键词

秸秆还田/有机肥/土壤酸度/土壤抗剪强度/油菜产量

Key words

straw returning to the field/organic fertilizer/soil acidity/soil shear strength/rapeseed yield

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出版年

2024
水土保持学报
中国土壤学会　中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所

水土保持学报

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：1.226
ISSN：1009-2242
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