[目的]明确适宜稻田施氮量以保障水稻产量和稻米品质提升，协调土壤养分和水稻品质之间的供需平衡。[方法]以"沪旱61"为供试水稻品种，设置了 4个稻田施氮量(折合纯N分别为0、100、200和300kghm-2)以解析稻田施氮量对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响。[结果]施氮处理的水稻产量在5。2～9。0 t hm-2范围，比对照提升41。0％～71。7％。随施氮量的增加，稻米中的蛋白质含量增加;而直链淀粉含量、胶稠度和食味值下降。随施氮量的增加，土壤中铵态氮和硝态氮含量增加;速效磷和速效钾含量下降，降幅分别达9。7％～45。5％和23。3％～70。7％。稻米食味品质是影响稻米综合品质的关键因素。统计学分析表明，稻米的蛋白质含量与土壤中硝态氮、速效钾和速效磷含量呈负相关，而直链淀粉含量与土壤中硝态氮、速效钾和速效磷含量呈正相关。[结论]在保证水稻稳产和稻米品质提升的前提下，"沪旱61"水稻栽培的最佳氮素用量为200 kg hm-2。
Impact of Nitrogen Application Rate on Rice Yield and Quality
[Objective]The stable rice yield and rice quality improvement were ensured by the amount of nitrogen(N)fertilizer.[Method]'Huhan 61'was used as the experimental rice in this study.The four N application rates(equivalent to pure N0,100,200 and 300 kg hm-2,respectively)were designed to analyze the effect N application rates on rice quality.[Result]The results showed that N fertilizer improved rice yields in the ranged of 5.2-9.0 t hm-2 compared to the control without N application.In terms of rice,the protein content increased,while the amylose content,gel consistency and taste value of rice decreased with the increase of N application rate.In terms of soil,the NH4+-N and NO3--Nconcentrations increased with the increase of N application rate;while the content of available phosphorus and available potassium decreased by 9.7％-45.5％and 23.3％-70.7％respectively.Amylose and protein were the key factors to affect rice quality.Statistical analysis showed that the protein content of rice was negatively correlated with the contents of NO3--N,available potassium and available phosphorus in the soil.While the amylose content was positively correlated with the contents of NO3--N,available potassium and available phosphorus in the soil.[Conclusion]It is recommended that a soil application rate of 200 kg hm-2 could be helpful for the balance between soil N supply and rice quality for'Huhan 61'cultivation.
RiceRice qualityNitrogen application rateLong-term station
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
