首页|新疆天山盐碱荒地土壤开垦种植效应分析

新疆天山盐碱荒地土壤开垦种植效应分析

Cultivation Effect on Improving Saline-alkai Wasteland Soil in Tianshan Moutain of Xinjiang

扫码查看
原文链接
  • NETL
  • NSTL
  • 万方数据
[目的]探讨垦荒种植对新疆天山盐碱荒地降碱降盐作用和土壤培肥效果的影响,为盐碱荒地的开垦改良提供参考.[方法]本研究对盐碱荒地及其开垦种麦地 0～40 cm土壤进行分层取样,测定土壤中丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)的孢子密度、球囊霉素含量、可培养微生物数量和土壤养分含量、pH值、电导率和土壤酶活性等指标,对比分析两块地的土壤参数,并对两地土壤参数进行主成分分析和开垦种植效应分析.[结果]荒地开垦种植后,每层土壤的总球囊霉素含量和AMF孢子数量显著高于荒地(P<0.01);可培养细菌、放线菌、氨化细菌和固氮菌数量在每层土壤中均显著高于荒地,可培养真菌在土壤浅表层 0～10 cm显著高于荒地,10～40 cm土层土壤中高于荒地,但不显著(P<0.05);而每层土壤的pH值和电导率均显著低于荒地,土壤有机质和有效磷含量显著高于荒地(P<0.01),土壤养分由荒地典型的浅层表聚向土壤较深层分配;开垦种麦地每层土壤的脲酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶(酸性和中性)均显著高于荒地(P<0.01).荒地和开垦种麦地土壤指标的主成分分析结果表明:开垦种植后,土壤中球囊霉素、有机质和有效磷含量、可培养放线菌和固氮菌数量、磷酸酶和脲酶等都使土壤肥效提高;开垦种植效应分析结果表明:开垦种植对土壤参数多为正效应,其中放线菌和固氮菌的正效应值极高,分别达到5437.04%和 6427.27%.[结论]新疆天山盐碱荒地开垦种植后土壤微环境建立新平衡关系,有效促进了盐碱荒地土壤向耕地土壤的转化.
[Objective]In order to reuse the saline-alkali wasteland in Tianshan mountain of Xinjiang,the cultivation effect on salt reduction and soil fertility improvement was detected.[Method]Samples of 0～40 cm soil layer were collected from saline-alkali wasteland and cultivated wheat land.The spore density of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF),glomus content,the number of culturable microorganisms,soil nutrients,soil pH value,electrical conductivity and soil enzyme activities of soil samples were determined.And principal component analysis(PCA)was introduced to studied cultivation effects on soil micro-environment.[Result]The total glomus content and the spore density of AMF,numbers of culturable bacteria,actinomycetes,ammonifiers and azotobacter in each layer of cultivation were significantly increased compared with wasteland(P<0.05),and the same trend in culturable fungi in 0～10 cm soil layer.Moreover,the pH value and conductivity of each layer of soil were significantly reduced by cultivation wheat,and contents of soil organic matter and available phosphorus were significantly increased at the same time in each soil layer(P<0.01).The activities of urease,sucrase and phosphatase(acidic and neutral)in each soil layer in cultivated land were also significantly higher than those in wasteland(P<0.01).Principal component analysis of soil indices showed that the contents of the glomalin,soil organic matter and available phosphorus,the number of culturable microorganisms such as actinomycetes and azotobacter,and the activities of phosphatase and urease in soil were the main factors to improve the fertilizer efficiency characteristics of soil.Thus,crop cultivation had positive effects on soil saline-alkali and fertility improvements,among which actinomycetes and azotobacter had extremely high positive effects,reaching 5437.04%and 6427.27%,respectively.[Conclusion]The results illustrated that crop cultivation was beneficial to establish a new equilibrium relationship between plant and soil microenvironments,which effectively promotes the transformation of saline-alkali wasteland soil into arable land soil.

WastelandCultivationArbuscular mycorrhizal fungiSoil culturable microorganismsSoil nutrientsSoil enzyme activity

巩晓芳、赵毅、彭轶楠、陈玉坤、王治业、薛林贵、祝英

展开 >

甘肃微生物资源开发利用重点实验室甘肃省科学院生物研究所 兰州 730000

兰州交通大学生物与制药工程学院 兰州 730000

甘肃省科学院纳米技术重点实验室 兰州 730000

荒地 开垦种植 丛枝菌根真菌 土壤可培养微生物 土壤养分 土壤酶活

国家自然科学基金甘肃省科学院重大专项甘肃省科学院产业化项目甘肃省教育厅优秀研究生"创新之星"项目

419670182023zdzx-012019CY162022CXZX-512

2024

10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2023042502

土壤通报
中国土壤学会

土壤通报

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：0.818
ISSN：0564-3945
年,卷(期)：2024.55(3)