Effects of Different Intercropping Patterns on Soil Cadmium,Enzyme Activity and Microbial Diversity
[Objective]The farmland around the mining area is seriously polluted by cadmium,which causes the cadmium in crop grains to exceed the standard.The safe use of cadmium contaminated farmland is of great significance for ensuring food security.[Method]Five patterns of wheat interplanting sunflower(WS),wheat interplanting maize(WM),sunflower monocropping(S),maize monocropping(M)and wheat monocropping(W)were set up to determine the content and form of soil cadmium,enzyme activity,soil microbial diversity,community composition and changes of different microorganisms,and explore the relationship between them.[Result]Compared with monocropping pattern,the content of available cadmium decreased by 10.7%-34.8%,and the proportion of active cadmium decreased.Catalase activities increased by 8.0%-34.4%,urease activities increased by 12.8%-70.6%,and sucrase activity increased by 5.1%-44.3%.Fungus α The diversity Chao1 index and Observed specifications index increased by 31.07%-82.89%,Shannon index and Simpson index increased by 8.53%-78.28%.β There is no confidence interval for diversity,and the structure of soil microbial community was completely changed.The relative abundance of the main groups of microorganisms changed significantly.Subgroup of different microorganisms at the genus level_6 genera,Subgroup_10 genera,67-14 genera,KD4_96 genera,A4b genera,and MND1 genera were significantly up-regulated.Through correlation analysis,soil fungi α Diversity,relative abundance of Mortierella and soil available cadmium were significantly negatively correlated;Subgroup_10 genera,67-14 genera and A4b genera were significantly positively correlated with available cadmium in soil.[Conclusion]Intercropping patterns can improve soil enzyme activities,reduce the content of available cadmium,increase soil microbial diversity,change the structure and composition of microbial community.The increase of bacterial diversity is not conducive to the reduction of active cadmium.The improvement of fungal microbial flora can significantly reduce the content of available cadmium in soil,and wheat intercropping sunflower is the best.
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