滴灌条件下散水介质规格对龟裂碱土水盐运移特征的影响

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中文摘要：[目的]探讨滴灌改良利用龟裂碱土方法中散水介质规格对剖面水盐运移特征的影响，研究结果为散水介质规格的选择提供科学依据。[方法]通过室内土柱模拟试验，在一维和二维条件下对比分析了不同散水介质规格对龟裂碱土水盐运移特征的影响。[结果]一维垂直入渗条件下，平铺型散水介质的深度在 0～10 cm越小或 10～15 cm越大，均能获得较高的垂直湿润峰扩散速度，随散水介质深度减小，灌水频率增加，促进了盐分淋洗。二维入渗条件下，垂直湿润峰入渗速率大于水平湿润峰入渗速率，稳定入渗阶段两者均随半球型散水介质直径的增加而下降，但单位灌溉水盐分淋洗效率降低，单位时间盐分淋洗效率不变，散水介质直径≥20 cm时水分扩散速率变化趋缓。[结论]不同散水介质规格改变了灌水频率和单次灌水量，进而影响龟裂碱土的水分入渗和盐分淋洗过程。实际应用中在考虑灌溉水淋洗效率的同时要兼顾经济效益，满足一年生植物生长需求后散水介质深度越小越好，而多年生作物采用半球型散水介质时直径不易超过20 cm。

外文标题：Effects of Soil-water-redistribution Medium Shape on the Migration Characters of Soil Water and Salt in Takyric Solonetz under Drip Irrigation

外文摘要：[Objective]The aim of the paper was to evaluate the effects of soil-water-redistribution medium(RM)shape on the migration characters of soil water and salt in takyric solonetz with the improving method of drip irrigation.And the result will provide scientific basis for the designing of the shape.[Method]A comparative analysis of the soil water and salt transportation characters for the changing of RM shapes was done in laboratory by column experiment both in one-and two-dimensional infiltration.[Result]For layered RM in one-dimensional vertical infiltration,the diffusion rate of vertical wetting front was larger for the smaller depth in 0-10 cm or bigger one in 10-15 cm.And the irrigation frequency increased as the depth of layered RM decreases,which facilitated the salt leaching.In two-dimensional infiltration with the semi-hemisphere RM,the diffusion rate of vertical wetting front was larger than the diffusion rate of horizontal wetting front.And both of the diffusion rates in vertical and horizontal direction were decreasing with the adding of RM diameter in steady infiltration stage.In addition,the salt leaching efficiency for per irrigation amount was decreasing while the value for per time was constant.At the steady infiltration stage,the diffusion rate both in vertical and horizontal direction kept decrease with the increasing of the diameter and changed little when the diameter was≥20 cm.[Conclusion]The RM shape affected the water infiltration and salt leaching process by the changing of irrigation frequency and per-time irrigation amount.Both the salt leaching efficiency of irrigation and the economy of the amelioration should be considered in the designing of RM shape in the application.For annual plants,the depth of the RM should be smaller once satisfied the growth of the plants.And the diameter of the semi-hemisphere RM should beyond 20 cm.

外文关键词：

Takyric solonetzDrip irrigationSoil-water redistribution mediumColumn experimentSalt leaching

作者：

黄鹏飞、黄艳丽、康跃虎、万书勤、李晓彬、刘春成

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作者单位：

中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡 453004

新乡学院土木工程与建筑学院,河南新乡 453003

中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京 100101

中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京 100049

中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081

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关键词：

盐碱地改良龟裂碱土滴灌散水介质水盐运移

基金：

中央级科研院所基本科研业务费专项中国科学院前沿研究项目国家重点研发计划项目国家重点研发计划项目河南省科技攻关项目

项目编号：

FIRI2023-09QYZDJ-SSW-DQC0282016YFC05013042016YFC0501305222102320104

出版年：

2024

DOI：

10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2023051702

土壤通报

中国土壤学会

土壤通报

CSTPCD北大核心

影响因子：0.818

ISSN：0564-3945

年,卷(期)：2024.55(4)