Historical Changes of the Sacrifice for Fuxi During Pre-Qin and Qin-Han Period
In 672 B.C.,the fourth year of Duke Xuan of Qin,a Mizhi("密畤")was set up to sacrifice the Qingdi(one of the Five Emperors),that is,to Fuxi("伏羲",the ancestor of Chinese).If the Xizhi("西畤"for sacrificing Baidi)and the Fuzhi("鄜畤"for sacrificing Baidi)have nothing to do with Fuxi,it is obvious to observe the relationship between the Mizhi and Fuxi.The Qin people gradually built bridges with the deities by using zhiji(sacrifice in a fixed place).From the west to the east,from Baidi to Qingdi,from Shaohao to Taihao,the long-established Fuxi's Sacrifice originated at this time.Even if there are differences between the Qingdi in the Qin people's minds and the Fuxi in the eyes of the later generations,there is no doubt that the Fuxi in the eyes of the descendants inherited the position and function of the Qingdi to a great extent.Han Dynasty inheriting Qin Dynasty's system,the Fuxi sacrifice continued in the zhiji tradition in the Western Han Dynasty.It wasn't until the Wang Mang's reign that the tradition was ended.However,the Fuxi beliefs have penetrated into folklore and even flourished for a while during these times.The zhiji tradition of the Qin people may be related to the Qiang and Rong.For example,Yuezhi,Xiongnu and other tribes mostly have a tradition of sacrificing to the heaven.The Qin people not only inherited these tribes'sacrificing traditions,but also made innovations by blending the traditions of the Central Plains with the Qiang and Rong beliefs in heavenly sacrifice.Through the inheritance and innovation,the Qin People initiated and perfected the zhiji system.
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