摘要
郑观应的国家观经历了从传统意义上的国家观向近代意义上的国家观的转变.具体说来,撰写《救时揭要》和《易言》时期,郑观应的传统"天下观"开始动摇;撰写《南游日记》和《盛世危言》时期,郑观应的近代国家观逐渐形成.从清末到民初,郑观应关注和思考国家富强和国民素质问题,这也是他的近代国家观进一步变化和发展的时期.尽管郑观应没有从国家学说的理论高度去阐释国家的产生和演变、国家的要素和构成、国体和政体、国家制度和政策,也没有像梁启超、孙中山等思想家和爱国者那样比较全面与深入地探讨近代国家的内容和形式、功能和作用以及理论和实践等问题,但他较早地从国际公法和国体政体的角度,讨论国家与国家、国家与主权、国家与地方、国家与国民等国家观念涵盖的主要问题.总之,他的近代国家观随着时代变迁而产生和发展,并且承前启后,又弥散着爱国主义的精神气息,闪耀着近代民族主义的思想光芒.
Abstract
Zheng Guan-ying's view of the state has undergone a transformation from the traditional view of the state to the modern view of the state.Specifically,his traditional"view of the world"began to shake when he wrote Jiu Shi Jie Yao and Yi Yan,and his modern view of the state was gradually formed when he wrote the Nan You Ri Ji and Sheng Shi Wei Yan.From the late Qing dynasty to the early Republic of China,when his view of modern nation further changed and developed,he concentrated on and thought about national prosperity and national quality.He did not explain the generation and evolution of the state,the elements and constitution of the state,the system and policy of the state from the theoretical level of the state theory,nor did he explore the content and form,function and role,theory and practice of the modern state as Liang Qi-chao,Sun Yat-sen and other thinkers and patriots did in a more comprehensive and in-depth way.However,from the perspective of public international law and state system,he discussed the main issues covered by the state concepts such as state and state,state and sovereignty,state and local,state and citizen.In short,the generation and development of his modern view of the state not only moved forward side by side with the change of the times,but also made a link between the past and the future.His view of the state was filled with the spirit of patriotism,and also shone with the thought of modern nationalism.
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