The ALMA-QUARKS Survey.Ⅱ.The ACA 1.3 mm Continuum Source Catalog and the Assembly of Dense Gas in Massive Star-Forming Clumps

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外文摘要：Leveraging the high resolution,sensitivity,and wide frequency coverage of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array(ALMA),the QUARKS survey,standing for"Querying Underlying mechanisms of massive star formation with ALMA-Resolved gas Kinematics and Structures",is observing 139 massive star-forming clumps at ALMA Band 6(λ～1.3 mm).This paper introduces the Atacama Compact Array(ACA)7 m data of the QUARKS survey,describing the ACA observations and data reduction.Combining multi-wavelength data,we provide the first edition of QUARKS atlas,offering insights into the multiscale and multiphase interstellar medium in high-mass star formation.The ACA 1.3 mm catalog includes 207 continuum sources that are called ACA sources.Their gas kinetic temperatures are estimated using three formaldehyde transitions with a non-LTE radiation transfer model,and the mass and density are derived from a dust emission model.The ACA sources are massive(16-84 percentile values of 6-160 M⊙),gravity-dominated(M∝R11)fragments within massive clumps,with supersonic turbulence(M＞1)and embedded star-forming protoclusters.We find a linear correlation between the masses of the fragments and the massive clumps,with a ratio of 6％between the two.When considering fragments as representative of dense gas,the ratio indicates a dense gas fraction(DGF)of 6％,although with a wide scatter ranging from 1％to 10％.If we consider the QUARKS massive clumps to be what is observed at various scales,then the size-independent DGF indicates a self-similar fragmentation or collapsing mode in protocluster formation.With the ACA data over four orders of magnitude of luminosity-to-mass ratio(L/M),we find that the DGF increases significantly with L/M,which indicates clump evolutionary stage.We observed a limited fragmentation at the subclump scale,which can be explained by a dynamic global collapse process.

外文关键词：

stars:formationISM:kinematics and dynamicsISM:cloudsstars:protostars

作者：

许峰玮、Ke Wang、Tie Liu、Lei Zhu、Guido Garay、Xunchuan Liu、Paul Goldsmith、Qizhou Zhang、Patricio Sanhueza、Shengli Qin、Jinhua He、Mika Juvela、Anandmayee Tej、Hongli Liu、Shanghuo Li、Kaho Morii、Siju Zhang、Jianwen Zhou、Amelia Stutz、Neal J.Evans、Kee-Tae Kim、Shengyuan Liu、Diego Mardones、Guangxing Li、Leonardo Bronfman、Ken'ichi Tatematsu、Chang Won Lee、Xing Lu、Xiaofeng Mai、Sihan Jiao、James O.Chibueze、Keyun Su、Viktor L.Tóth

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作者单位：

Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China

Department of Astronomy,School of Physics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China

Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200030,China

Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy,National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China

Departamento de Astronomía,Universidad de Chile,Las Condes,7591245 Santiago,Chile

Jet Propulsion Laboratory,California Institute of Technology,4800 Oak Grove Drive,Pasadena CA 91109,USA

Center for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian,60 Garden Street,Cambridge,MA 02138,USA

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan,National Institutes of Natural Sciences,2-21-1 Osawa,Mitaka,Tokyo 181-8588,Japan

Astronomical Science Program,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies,SOKENDAI,2-21-1 Osawa,Mitaka,Tokyo 181-8588,Japan

School of Physics and Astronomy,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China

Yunnan Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650216,China

Department of Physics,University of Helsinki,PO Box 64,FI-00014 Helsinki,Finland

Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology,Thiruvananthapuram 695 547,Kerala,India

Max Planck Institute for Astronomy,Königstuhl 17,D-69117 Heidelberg,Germany

Department of Astronomy,Graduate School of Science,The University of Tokyo,7-3-1 Hongo,Bunkyo-ku,Tokyo 113-0033,Japan

Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie,Auf dem Hügel 69,53121 Bonn,Germany

Departamento de Astronom'(i)a,Universidad de Concepcion,Casilla 160-C,Concepci on,Chile

Department of Astronomy,The University of Texas at Austin,Texas 78712-1205,USA

Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute,776 Daedeokdae-ro,Yuseong-gu,Daejeon 34055,Republic of Korea

Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics,Academia Sinica,Roosevelt Road,Taipei 10617,Taiwan,China

South-Western Institute for Astronomy Research,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China

Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute,776 Daedeok-daero,Yuseong-gu,Daejeon 34055,Republic of Korea

University of Science and Technology,217 Gajeong-ro,Yuseong-gu,Daejeon 34113,Republic of Korea

National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China

Department of Mathematical Sciences,University of South Africa,Cnr Christian de Wet Rd and Pioneer Avenue,Florida Park,1709,Roodepoort,South Africa

Centre for Space Research,Physics Department,North-West University,Potchefstroom 2520,South Africa

Department of Physics and Astronomy,Faculty of Physical Sciences,University of Nigeria,Carver Building,1 University Road,Nsukka 410001,Nigeria

Institute of Physics and Astronomy,Eötvös Lorànd University,Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A,H-1117 Budapest,Hungary

University of Debrecen,Faculty of Science and Technology,Egyetem tér 1,H-4032 Debrecen,Hungary

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基金：

National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)National Key R&D Program of ChinaChina Manned Space ProjectChina Manned Space ProjectChina-Chile Joint Research FundCCJRF is provided by Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy(CASSACA)National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences(NAOC)Chilean Astronomy Society(SOCHIAS)to support China-Chile collaborations in astronomyTianchi Talent Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionJet Propulsion Laboratory,California Institute of Technology,under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space AdminiGrantin-Aid for Scientific ResearchGrantin-Aid for Scientific ResearchANID Basal projectResearch Council of FinlandGrantsin-Aid for the the JSPS FellowsMultiwavelength Data Analysis System operated by the Astronomy Data Center(ADC)National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

项目编号：

120330052022YFA1603102CMS-CSST-2021-A09CMS-CSST-2021-B06CCJRF 221180NM0018D0004JP22H01271JP23H01221FB210003348 34222J21529

出版年：

2024

DOI：

10.1088/1674-4527/ad3dc3

天文和天体物理学研究

中国科学院国家天文台

天文和天体物理学研究

CSTPCD

影响因子：0.406

ISSN：1674-4527

年,卷(期)：2024.24(6)