首页|天语计划—寻找第二个太阳系及探索动态宇宙

天语计划—寻找第二个太阳系及探索动态宇宙

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像木星和土星这样的冷巨行星对类地行星的形成和宜居性起到了关键作用,因此,对像太阳系这样具有多个冷巨行星的系统的搜寻具有重要意义.Kepler以及TESS(Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite)太空望远镜成功地通过凌星的方法发现了大量短周期行星,然而这些巡天项目的观测基线不足以发现更长周期的行星.为此,天语计划将部署两台1m望远镜(天语一号和天语二号),用于结合天语和其他计划的数据通过凌星法来发现冷巨行星及其他行星,并最终发现类太阳系.天语一号具有约10平方度的视场以及高速CMOS(complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor)科学相机,将对超过1000万颗恒星每小时进行一次高精度测光采样,并通过天语二号的多波段测光、光谱仪以及高分辨率成像对天语一号发现的候选行星进行确认.天语望远镜将放置于海拔约4000m的中国青海冷湖,是目前中国境内最好观测台址之一.天语对亮于14等星的测光精度为0.1％,对亮于18等星的测光精度优于1％,天语预计在5yr内将在类太阳周期发现超过300颗凌星行星,其中包括约17颗冷巨行星.基于系统轨道共面以及孪生地球发生率为10％的假设,天语预计将发现1-2个类太阳系,并可被未来的地球2.0计划所证实.此外,天语还将通过多种巡天观测模式测量从亚秒到周时标的光变,探测不同时标的时域现象,包括超新星早期光变、稀有变星和双星、潮汐瓦解事件、Be星、彗星活动以及系外小行星等.这些发现不仅将深化我们对宇宙的理解,还将为公众科学和科普提供重要平台.
Tianyu—Search for the Second Solar System and Explore the Dynamic Universe
Giant planets like Jupiter and Saturn,play important roles in the formation and habitability of Earth-like planets.The detection of solar system analogs that have multiple cold giant planets is essential for our understanding of planet habitability and planet formation.Al-though transit surveys such as Kepler and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite(TESS)have discovered thousands of exoplanets,these missions are not sensitive to long period planets due to their limited observation baseline.The Tianyu project,comprising two 1-meter tele-scopes(Tianyu-Ⅰ and Ⅱ),is designed to detect transiting cold giant planets in order to find solar system analogs.Featuring a large field of view and equipped with a high-speed comple-mentary metal-oxide-semiconductor(COMS)camera,Tianyu-Ⅰ will perform a high-precision photometric survey of about 100 million stars,measuring light curves at hour-long cadence.The candidates found by Tianyu-Ⅰ will be confirmed by Tianyu-Ⅱ and other surveys and follow-up facilities through multi-band photometry,spectroscopy,and high resolution imaging.Tianyu telescopes will be situated at an elevation about 4000 meters in Lenghu,chosen as the premier observation site in China.With a photometric precision of 0.1％for stars with V＜14 mag,and 1％for stars with V＜18 mag,Tianyu is expected to find more than 300 transiting exoplanets,including about 12 cold giant planets,over five years.Assuming coplanarity for solar system analogs and an occurrence rate of 10％for Earth twins,a five-year survey of Tianyu would discover 1-2 solar system analogs,which could be confirmed by Earth-hunting missions such as Earth 2.0.Moreover,Tianyu is also designed for non-exoplanetary exploration,incorporat-ing multiple survey modes covering timescales from sub-seconds to months,with a particular emphasis on events occurring within the sub-second to hour range.It excels in observing areas such as infant supernovae,rare variable stars and binaries,tidal disruption events,Be stars,cometary activities,and interstellar objects.These discoveries not only enhance our comprehen-sion of the universe but also offer compelling opportunities for public engagement in scientific exploration.

techniques:photometricplanets and satellites:detectionplanets and satellites:formationstars:supernovae:generalstars:variables:generalminor planetsasteroids:generalstars:gamma-ray burst:general

冯发波、芮易成、杜芝茂、林清、张聪聪、周丹、崔开明、OGIHARA Masahiro、杨明、林杰、蔡永志、杨涛只、庞晓莹、简明杰、李文雄、郭恒潇、史弦、史建春、李荐扬、郭康柔、姚嵩、陈啊明、贾鹏、谭先瑜、JENKINS S.James、蒋宏轩、张铭缘、李可欣、肖光耀、郑书玥、宣一帆、郑捷、何敏、JONES R.A.Hugh、宋翠英

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上海交通大学李政道研究所 上海 201210

上海交通大学物理与天文学院 上海 200240

上海天文馆(上海科技馆分馆) 上海 200127

中国科学院上海天文台 上海 200030

同济大学测绘与地理信息学院 上海 200092

中国科学院星系宇宙学重点实验室(中国科学技术大学) 合肥 230026

中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院 合肥 230026

中国科学院云南天文台 昆明 650216

中国科学院天体结构与演化重点实验室 昆明 650216

国际超新星中心-云南省国际超新星研究重点实验室 昆明 650216

西安交通大学物理学院 西安 710049

西交利物浦大学物理系 苏州 215123

上海师范大学上海市星系与宇宙学半解析研究重点实验室 上海 200234

Department of Astronomy,Stockholm University Stockholm 114 21

中国科学院国家天文台 北京 100101

中山大学大气科学学院 珠海 519082

太原理工大学电子信息与光学工程学院 太原 030024

Instituto de Estudios Astrofísicos,Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias,Universidad Diego Portales Santiago 8170641

Centro de Astrofísica y Tecnologías Afines(CATA)Santiago 8480000

山东大学空间与物理学院山东省光学天文与日地空间环境重点实验室 威海 264209

中国科学院国家天文台中国科学院天文光学技术重点实验室 北京 100101

Centre for Astrophysics Research,University of Hertfordshire Hertfordshire AL10 9AB

清华大学天体物理研究中心 北京 100084

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技术:测光 行星与卫星:探测 行星与卫星:形成 恒星:超新星:普通 恒星:变星:普通 小行星:普通 恒星:伽马射线暴:普通

Shanghai Jiao Tong University 2030 Initiative,Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality projectZhangjiang National Innovation Demonstration Zone projectChina-Chile Joint Research Fund under project CCJRF 2205FONDECYTANID BASAL projectNational Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Yunnan Fundamental Research ProjectsInternational Centre of Supernovae,Yunnan Key LaboratoryNSFCNSFCNSFCNSFCNSFCNSFC

23JC1410200ZJ2023-ZD-0031201371FB21000312303054202401AU070063202302AN360001121500091217302912233013121201010031223300812233003

2024

10.15940/j.cnki.0001-5245.2024.04.001

天文学报
中国天文学会

天文学报

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：0.339
ISSN：0001-5245
年,卷(期)：2024.65(4)