The Great Righteousness of The Spring and Autumn Annals and Koxinga's Social Practice
Koxinga was fond of The Spring and Autumn Annals,possibly influenced by multiple factors such as the Guandi faith in southern Fujian,the civil service examinations in Jinjiang,and Qian Qianyi's emphasis on the great righteousness of The Spring and Autumn Annals.Koxinga's social practices were deeply governed by the great righteousness of The Spring and Autumn Annals.He abided by the sense of honor of the monarch and his subjects,remaining loyal to the Southern Ming emperors Longwu and Yongli,which far surpassed both his father and teacher.He attached great importance to the distinction between Chinese and"barbarians".When the dynasty collapsed,he broke with his father,shifted filial piety to dynastic loyalty,and persisted in fighting against the Qing Dynasty for over a decade.He reclaimed Taiwan to establish a base for anti-Qing activities,thus starting a new chapter in history.Shen Baozhen's evaluation of him as"offering imperfections back to heaven and earth,thus shaping a perfect man"is well-deserved by Koxinga.
the great righteousness of The Spring and Autumn AnnalsKoxingasocial practice
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