The Bitcoin system,based on blockchain technology,features decentralization,borderlessness,and anonymity,drawing widespread attention from academia and industry.While providing privacy protection for users,the Bitcoin sys-tem also facilitates illegal activities.Consequently,de-anonymization techniques have been actively researched,yielding a series of research results.Existing surveys primarily focus on privacy protection schemes,lacking a systematic analysis of de-anonymization techniques.The existing de-anonymization techniques and their effectiveness were analyzed from three dimensions,user identity identification,associated address recognition,and asset flow tracing.The current develop-ment status and challenges are summarized,and future research directions are pointed out.
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