Extraterritorial Experience and Chinese Mirror of Cultivating Reserve Talents for Athletic Sports——Taking United States,Japan and Germany as Examples
With the research methods of literature review and logical analysis,the paper takes the United States,Japan and Germany as case studies,and sorts out the"institutionalize"competitive sports reserve training model of the United States,the"two-track"competitive sports reserve training model of Japan,and the"three-stage"competitive sports reserve training model of Germany.The paper concludes that the United States,Japan and Germany have constructed a mechanism for the cultivation of athletic sports re-serve talents with the participation of multiple subjects,focusing on alleviating the contradiction between learning and training as well as regulating the arrangement of learning and training programs in sections,and constantly improving the long-term mechanism for the cultivation of athletic sports reserve talents.In China,there are insufficient reserve talents in competitive sports and a shortage of talents in emerging sports;the integration of sports and education is facing practical difficulties,and the contradiction between learn-ing and training is still prominent;the scientific nature of the athlete selection mechanism is in urgent need of enhancement,and the scope of selection is narrow;the retired athletes have difficulties in employment and placement,and there is a single channel for transformation.It is necessary to build the training mechanism of competitive sports reserve talents with the participation of multiple subjects and the integration of sports and education;to strengthen the cultural education of competitive sports reserve talents,and solve the contradiction between learning and training in a multi-directional"integrated"way;to optimize the selection mode of com-petitive sports reserve talents,and improve the scientificity of talent selection;to expand the career transformation and placement channels of retired athletes,and to expand the employment mode of excellent sports reserve talents.
iintegration of sports and educationcompetitive sportsreserve talentsathlete selectionlearning and training conflicts
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