This paper points out that in recent years,drought occurs frequently,and Brassica napus is one of the three types of rapeseed with the best comprehensive character,has relatively poor drought resistance;many researchers at home and abroad try to use various biological methods to analyze the genetic mechanism of drought resistance in Brassica napus and cultivate drought-tolerant varieties of Brassica napus. This paper mainly summarized the research progress of drought tolerance identification,related physiology and biochemistry,QTL mapping,genome-wide association analysis (GWAS),and related gene function in Brassica napus,so as to provide some reference for the research of drought tolerance in Brassica napus.