摘要
目的:从时空行为视角对建成环境与老年人户外身体活动的时空行为特征进行研究,为促进我国老年人身体活动水平提升和应对老龄化趋势提供新思路.方法:采用全球定位系统(global position system,GPS)和三维加速度计对126名老年人时空行为数据进行同步收集,通过空间算法将环境暴露数据与身体活动数据相关联,总结其出行方式、出行时间、出行频率、出行范围等特征.结果:1)老年人户外身体活动存在"点-线"型、"候鸟"型、"条链"型、"自由"型、"邻里"型、"综合"型6种时空模式;2)老年人主要户外身体活动范围为家附近500 m左右;3)老年人近45%的热量消耗和中高强度身体活动发生在户外空间,主要户外活动兴趣点为休闲娱乐、购物和运动健身;4)老年人户外身体活动特征以出行频率高和短时耗为主,出行次数对身体活动水平有显著影响,出行次数每增加1次,平均每周户外身体活动水平增加20.5 min.结论:我国老年人户外身体活动呈现出多样化的时空行为模式,未来可以将增加出行次数作为促进老年人身体活动水平的切入点.
Abstract
Objective:To explore the spatiotemporal behavior characteristics of the built environment and outdoor physical activities among older adults from a spatiotemporal perspective,and provides a new approach to promote physical activity levels among older adults and address the aging trend.Methods:Spatiotemporal behavior data of 126 older adults were collected using global position system and accelerometer.Environmental exposure data were correlated with physical activity data using spatial algorithms,and then the characteristics of travel modes,travel times,travel frequencies,and buffers were summarized.Results:1)Six typical spatial-temporal patterns were found in outdoor physical activities of the elderly,i.e.,'point-line'type,'migratory bird'type,'chain'type,'free'type,'neighborhood'type,and'integrated'type;2)the outdoor physical activity range in older adults was approximately 500 meters around their home;3)about 45%of calorie consumption and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in older adults were occur in outdoor spaces,and their interests were focus on leisure and entertainment,shopping,and exercise;4)the outdoor physical activity in older adults was characterized by high activity frequency and short duration.The activity frequency has a significant impact on physical activity levels,with an increase of one event associated with a increased 20.5 min/wk in outdoor physical activity.Conclusions:Outdoor physical activity among the elderly in China exhibits diverse spatiotemporal patterns,it is suggested that the increase of activity frequency can be considered an strategy in enhancing physical activity levels among older adults.
基金项目
北京市社会科学基金(21YTA009)
清华大学文科建设"双高"计划(2021TSG08208)
河北师范大学科研项目(L2024B45)
维普
万方数据