Study on the Biomechanical Mechanism of Foot Bruised Toenail Injury Caused by Long-Distance Running
Objective:To determine the potential effect of foot morphology changes on the injury risk of bruised toenail during long-distance running,and to further optimize the design of running shoe structure and comprehensively verify its effects on preventing bruised toenail injury.Methods:Ten male recreational runners participated in this study,the foot morphology,foot temperature,perceived comfort,and the gap length in the sagittal plane were collected at before(baseline),immediately after 5 km and 10 km of treadmill running.In addition,the design of toe box was optimized based on the biomechanical mechanism of foot bruised toenail injury,where the original shoes has a toe height of 65.8 mm and a length of 85.5 mm;the new-designed shoes has a toe height of 79.5 mm and a length of 85.8 mm.The comfort perception,foot-shoe contact forces,and contact pressure were collected across different running shoes to confirm the effectiveness of injury prevention.Results:The width of forefoot and arch height were reduced greatly after the 10 km run.Foot temperature was increased significantly after 5 km and 10 km running,and the temperature of dorsal hallux was significantly higher after 10 km running than that of 5 km run.Regarding to the hallux comfort,the perceived score was significantly reduced after 5 km and 10 km running.In addition,there was a significant increase in gap length after 10 km running during one running gait cycle,followed by a notable decrease upon reaching midstance.Compared with the original shoes,the subjective comfort of new-designed shoes was increased,and the new-designed shoes significantly reduced the force during the contact phase by 0～80%and achieved a more uniform pressure distribution.Conclusions:The reduced width of forefoot and arch height,increased foot temperature,accompanied by the decreased subjective comfort and increased gap length during long-distance running would potentially responsible for bruised toenail injuries.Meanwhile,running shoes designed with an elevated toe box increased subjective comfort while reduced contact force and achieved a more uniform pressure distribution,which could reduce the risk of bruised toenail injury effectively.
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