The paper proposes a coordinated optimization strategy of Stackelberg game for integrated energy systems considering the thermal inertia of buildings from the users' perspective.First,the heat network characteristics model and the thermal inertia model of buildings are established,and the mathematical model of the Stackelberg game with the microgrid operator as the leader and the users as the follower is constructed.When the photovoltaic output is high,users convert electricity into heat through electric heating equipment and store the heat energy by using the thermal inertia of buildings,so that they do not need to sell all the surplus photovoltaic power to the microgrid operator,which enhances the rights and interests of users and effectively avoids a large amount of surplus photovoltaic power to be connected to the grid and relieves pressure on surplus power to connect to the grid.Secondly,the pricing and quantitative model between the microgrid operator and the users is established,and the existence and uniqueness of the Stackelberg equilibrium solution are proved,taking into account the users' satisfaction with energy use and temperature comfort.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified by an practical example,which greatly enhances users'rights and interests while avoiding a large amount of surplus photovoltaic power from users to connect to the external grid.
thermal inertia of buildingsgame theoryphotovoltaic poweruser rightsintegrated energy systemcoordinated optimization
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