Food security is an eternal issue concerning national livelihood and social stability.Taking food security as a starting point,based on information on disasters related to food production,farming conditions,population,cantonment,agricultural land tax,food prices,food trade and other data occurring in North China from 1573 to 1643,and by adopting statistical analysis,the essence of food security is revealed through food production process in the paper.The study shows that food security is the link between natural ecosystems and socio-economic systems,with dynamic equilibrium maintaining the relationship between the two.Food security is causally related to climate change,and the chain of disasters triggered by climate change creates uncertainty in food production and supply,so disaster prevention and mitigation is the safety valve for food security;arable land conditions and agricultural population are the basis of food production and play the role of stabilizer;and trade in food can regulate the balance between food supply and demand,stabilize food prices and play the function of regulator.