Key points of preventing and managing cardiovascular events in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases treated with small-molecule drugs,an international Delphi consensus
Janus kinase(JAK)inhibitors and sphingosine 1 phosphate(S1P)receptor modulators are small-molecule drugs(SMDs)approved for IBD treatment.Their use in clinical practice might be limited due to cardiovascular con-cerns.We aimed to provide guidance on risk assessment,monitoring and management strategies,aiming to minimize po-tential cardiovascular risks of SMDs and to facilitate an adequate shared decision-making.