This paper applies the systematic cluster analysis to conduct a typological study of ceramic fu caldrons unearthed from tombs in the Central Plains region from the Warring States period to the Western Han Dynasty.It suggests that during the mid-Warring States period,a particular form of ceramic fu caldrons appeared in the Zhengzhou area as part of a distinct burial custom.In the late Warring States period,ceramic fu caldrons rapidly diversified,with an expanded distribution range and an evident increase in both quantity and types.Three cultural systems of the ceramic fu caldrons,namely the Zheng-Han,Jin,and Qin systems,emerged.Upon entering the Han Dynasty,the number of ceramic fu caldrons decreased sharply,and their types became more uniform.The developmental trajectory of these ceramic fu caldrons in the Central Plains region is closely related to that of the Qin culture.
Ceramic fu caldronCentral Plains regionWarring States periodWestern Han Dynastytypology