During the Sixteen Kingdoms period,Former Zhao,Former Qin,Later Qin,as well as Western Wei and Northern Zhou of the Northern Dynasties,all utilized the ruins of Han-Dynasty Chang'an City to build their new capitals.Later Zhao also undertook significant construction within the city of Chang'an.This paper conducts a typological study of long bricks,flat tiles,tubular tiles,and roof tile ends unearthed in Chang'an during the Sixteen Kingdoms and Northern Dynasties,referencing archaeological materials from other sites and tombs to estimate their respective periods.
Sixteen KingdomsNorthern DynastiesChang'an City sitebuilding materials