This study examines the corrosion layers on Western-Zhou period bronze artifacts unearthed from the Dahekou Cemetery in Yicheng.A combination of various techniques including super-depth of field microscopy,Raman spectroscopy,and micro X-ray fluorescence analysis were employed to characterize the corrosion layers.The results indicate that the corrosion layers primarily consist of malachite,cuprite,and azurite that are commonly observed in such layers,along with identified harmful chlorine-containing corrosion products.Various crystal morphologies of malachite were also observed,shedding light on the complexity of the corrosion process and its relationship with the burial environment.This study offers new insights into understanding the corrosion layers on bronze artifacts and demonstrates the value of integrated scientific characterization methods in the field of cultural heritage preservation.