The newly discovered Tang Dynasty epitaph of Dugu Fengxian provides additional material for augmenting the genealogical records of Dugu Xin's descendants and studying the history of the Dugu family during the Northern Dynasties and Sui-Tang period.The epitaph's description of Dugu Xin's three daughters becoming empresses is not an isolated instance among the epitaphs of Dugu Xin's descendants,highlighting how the honor of"one family with three empresses"became a lasting collective memory for the family.Dugu Fengxian's career record demonstrates that issues related to the separation of internal and external officials had already emerged during the Wu Zhou period,though pathways for transfers between civil and military positions remained relatively smooth.
Dugu Xin familyDugu Fengxianepitaphcollective memory
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