历史仪式礼貌视域下晚清奏折道歉语研究
Apologies in Memorials to the Throne in the Late Qing Dynasty—A Ritual Theory-based Inquiry
卢加伟 1孙莉雯1
作者信息
摘要
本研究以曾国藩的奏折为语料,基于Kádár的仪式礼貌理论,从历史语用学视角探究晚清奏疏道歉言语行为的仪式化表达、语用策略及权利义务关系内涵.研究发现,晚清臣子以固定的体例和词句实现仪式框架下的规约道歉表达,或在直接向皇帝道歉的同时,基于直陈过失、自我贬损和情感抒发等策略,使用直接道歉、维护面子等手段实现非规约性表达.晚清道歉语具备等级性、目的性和责任性的特征.利用这两种仪式化言语表达方式,晚清道歉语作用于仪式群体道德秩序的感知与修复,构建君臣间道德秩序.本研究丰富了历史仪式礼貌的语料范围,同时为从语言学角度探讨晚清君臣关系提供了佐证.
Abstract
Based on Daniel Kádár's theory of ritual politeness,this study explores the ritualized expressions,pragmatic strategies and the connotation of the relationship between rights and obligations in the late Qing Dynasty's memorials to the throne from the perspective of historical pragmatics.It is found that in the late Qing Dynasty,ministers used fixed sentence patterns and words to realize conventional apologies under the framework of the ritual;or they used direct apologies,face saving strategies and other means to realize unconventional expressions based on the strategies of indicating mistakes,self-derogation and expressing feelings.Apologies in the late Qing Dynasty are characterized by hierarchy,purpose and responsibility.Taking advantages of these two forms of ritualized speech acts,apologies in the late Qing Dynasty played a role in the perception and repair of the moral order of the ritual groups,and constructed the moral order between the emperor and his ministers.This study has enriched the corpus range of historical ritual politeness and provided evidence for discussing the relationship between emperor and ministers in the late Qing Dynasty from the linguistic perspective.
关键词
历史语用学/历史仪式礼貌/道歉语/奏折/晚清Key words
Historical Pragmatics/Historical Ritual Politeness/Apology/Memorials to the Throne/the Late Qing Dynasty引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家社科基金后期资助项目(17FYY022)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据