This paper reports 18 new records of diatoms from the genus Gomphonema in the Hengduan Mountains of China,including G.intricatum var.capitata Hustedt,G.angustius Reichardt,G.afrhombicum Rei-chardt,G.pseudointermedium Reichardt,G.auguriforme Levkov,G.californicum Stancheva&Kociolek,G.sublaticollum Reichardt,G.sphenovertex Lange-Bertalot&Reichardt,G.wiltschkorum Lange-Bertalot,G.var-darense Reichardt,G.parvuliforme Lange-Bertalot,G.parvuloides Cholnoky,G.lacus-victoriensis Reichardt,G.yucatanense Metzeltin&Lange-Bertalot,G.angusticephalum Reichardt&Lange-Bertalot,G.lange-bertalotii Reichardt,G.intermedium Hustedt,and G.medioasiae Metzeltin,Lange-Bertalot&Nergui.Detailed descriptions of the morphological characteristics,geographical distribution,habitat preferences,and physico-chemical indices for each species are provided.Furthermore,comparative analyses of the morphological characteristics of the newly recorded species and their closely related counterparts are discussed.