The responsive optical sensor demonstrates broad potential for specific detection and micro-quantitative analysis.Rare-earth-doped upconversion nanoparticle(UCNP),owing to their unique fluorescence properties,large anti-Stokes shift,good biocompatibility,and resistance to autofluorescence interference,can serve as emerging opti-cal labels for achieving high-sensitivity biological detection at deeper tissue levels.This review focuses on the pros-pects and key applications of UCNP-based fluorescent nanoprobes in the field of biological detection,including spe-cific detection of ions,reactive oxygen species,gases,and biomolecules.Additionally,this review discusses the sensing mechanisms of upconversion detection and the design principles of nanoprobes,evaluates the future chal-lenges of upconversion nanoprobes in basic research and clinical applications,and aims to provide theoretical sup-port and experimental guidance for the wide application of UCNP in biological detection and clinical diagnosis.
维普
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