文章首先对老年人沐浴行为基本特征进行分析,结合现有产品进一步对老年人群体的需求进行分析汇总,从而了解老年群体使用沐浴椅时出现的"痛点"问题.然后通过计划行为理论(theory of planned behavior,TPB)总结出影响老年人沐浴行为的相关因素,得出老年人沐浴行为模型.最后根据老年人沐浴行为模型设计调查问卷并发放,结合基于指标相关性的指标权重确定方法(criteria importance though intercrieria correlation,CRITIC)计算筛选数据,确定设计要素,进行方案设计.研究结果显示,老年人使用沐浴椅沐浴时,主要行为痛点集中在久坐和姿势转换,设计沐浴椅时应注重结构稳固、站立辅助和快速排水这三个方面.因此,在满足老年人沐浴自理需求的基础上,通过助力扶手协助老年人平稳完成姿势转换.此外,设计可调节的椅背更加满足老年人的人机尺度需求,排水孔的设置减少了老年人在沐浴过程中坐垫上积水的残留.文章旨在为老年人提供更安全便捷、富有人文关怀的沐浴椅产品,同时也为今后相关产品设计提供新的设计参考和思维借鉴.
Research on the Design of Bathing Chair for the Elderly Based on TPB—CRITIC Method
This paper first analyzes the basic bathing behav-ior characteristics of the elderly,and further analyzes and summarizes the needs of the elderly group in combination with the existing products,so as to understand the"pain point"problem of the elderly group when using the bath-ing chair.Then,through the Theory of Planned Behavior(TPB),the relevant factors affecting the bathing behavior of the elderly are summarized,and the bathing behavior model of the elderly is obtained.Finally,according to the bathing behavior model of the elderly,a questionnaire is designed and distributed.Combined with the Criteria Importance Though Intercrieria Correlation(CRITIC)method,the data is calculated and screened to determine the design elements and carry out the scheme design.The results show that when the elderly use the bathing chair to bathe,the main behavioral pain points focus on sedentary and posture conversion.When designing the bathing chair,attention should be paid to three aspects:structural stabil-ity,standing assistance and rapid drainage.Therefore,on the basis of meeting the needs of the elderly to take care of themselves in bathing,the armrest is designed to help the elderly to smoothly complete the posture conversion.In addition,the adjustable chair back is designed to meet the man-machine scale requirements of the elderly,and the setting of drainage holes reduces the residual water on the cushion during their bathing.This paper aims to provide more safe,convenient and humanistic bathing chair products for the elderly,and also provide new design reference and thinking reference for related product design in the future.
TPB—CRITIC methodproduct designbathing chair for the elderly