Summary of antimony residues and status in antimony recovery technology
Antimony,a strategic resource,is extensively utilized in a multitude of industrial products including lead-acid batteries,plastic flame retardants,catalysts,semiconductors,and infrared detectors.China stands as the largest producer and consumer of antimony worldwide.However,with the escalating demand for antimony,this metal is anticipated to gradu-ally transition into one of the most scarce metals.Consequently,there has been a surge in attention towards the recycling of antimony.The destination of antimony in different industrial environments was delved into the life cycle of antimony,encom-passing the metallurgical production of antimony ore,the processing,production,and utilization of antimony-related prod-ucts,as well as the disposal of antimony-containing wastes.Notably,secondary antimony production predominantly ema-nated from metallurgical industry residues and discarded antimony-containing lead-acid batteries.The difficulties in the re-covery technology of antimony residues and scrap products in the metallurgical industry were summarized and analyzed.The low antimony content and complex material mixing in antimony containing products were the main reasons that restrict the recovery of antimony containing waste products.The soil,air,and water environmental pollution involved in the production and application of antimony,as well as the current status of pollution control and recovery were summarized.In environmen-tal pollution control,antimony was mainly regarded as a source of pollution rather than a source of secondary resource utili-zation.Consequently,there was a pressing need for more sophisticated enrichment and recovery technologies to stimulate fur-ther research.
antimony recoverysecondary source of antimonyresource utilizationantimony metallurgical recovery
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