摘要
引力波是时空弯曲产生的涟漪波动.引力波探测对促进人类认识自然和科学技术进步均具有深远意义.由于引力波信号非常微弱,地基引力波探测器需要超高真空环境来保证激光干涉仪的稳定运行.本文阐述了残余气体噪声对地基引力波探测装置灵敏度的影响,并从第三代地基引力波探测原型机和全尺寸装置的真空系统设计出发,通过理论分析和模拟,给出真空系统压强、环境温度、残余气体质量和种类、测试质量的曲率半径等因素对引力波探测灵敏度的影响.这为引力波探测原型机和全尺寸装置的真空系统设计和建设提供了重要的理论依据.
Abstract
Gravitational waves(GWs)are ripples in spacetime caused by most violent and energetic processes in the universe,such as the rapid motion of massive celestial bodies.The GWs carry energy when they propagate through the universe.The detection of GWs holds significance for advancing human understanding of the nature and driving scientific and technological progress.The continual upgrading and optimizing of GW detectors offer novel avenues for cosmic measurements.However,ground-based GW detectors based on a large interferometer necessitate addressing various noises which are harmful to the sensitivity of the GW detectors.Among these noises,the noise from residual gas in the light beam of the interferometer is a crucial factor to affect the sensitivity.Consequently,it is necessary to establish a vacuum system to shield the laser interferometer from the effects of gas flow.This paper focuses on China's third-generation ground-based GWs detector,conducting theoretical analysis of the influence of residual gas noise on both a 20-meter arm-length prototype and a full-scale device with a 10-kilometer arm-length.In this paper,a theoretical model for the residual gas particles passing through the laser beam is established and the effect on the beam phase is analyzed.The theoretical simulations are performed to discover the relations between the residual gas noise and significant parameters such as gas pressure of the vacuum system,temperature,mass of residual gas particles,polarization rate of the residual gas,and the curvature radius of the test mass.The simulations indicate that when the residual gas pressure is below 2×10-6 Pa,the GW detector can achieve the enough sensitivity,10-24 Hz-1/2,in a frequency range from 10 to 103 Hz.The findings of this research offer crucial theoretical insights for designing and constructing the vacuum systems in future third-generation GWs detector prototypes and full-scale devices.
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