Dilution refrigerator,as a refrigeration technology that can obtain extremely low temperatures below 10 mK,is widely used in fields such as quantum computing,and condensed matter physics.The development of the most widely used typical dry dilution refrigerators has been relatively mature,while there is little research on other types of dilution refrigerators,and there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic research on dilution refrigeration technology.This paper focuses on the current status of dilution refrigeration technology research,introduces its basic principles,and points out that the fundamental reason for continuous refrigeration is the limited solubility of 3He in 4He and the difference in enthalpy between the concentrated phase and the dilute phase.This paper summarizes the realization forms and research progress of typical dilution refrigerators,4He cycle dilution refrigerators,cold cycle dilution refrigerators,and space dilution refrigerators,and discusses their respective application occasions and advantages and disadvantages.From the Kapitza thermal resistance,osmotic pressure,and resistance,this paper analyzes the key influencing factors and design calculation methods for realizing dilution refrigerators below 10 mK,which provides reference for studying dilution refrigeration technology.
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