认识和探测宇宙的基本方法介绍
INTRODUCTION TO THE BASIC METHODS OF UNDERSTANGING AND PROBING THE UNIVERSE
李泽琴 1宁长春 1杨瑞 1冯有亮1
作者信息
- 1. 西藏大学宇宙线教育部重点实验室(西藏大学),西藏拉萨 850000
- 折叠
摘要
人类对宇宙最早的认识和观测始于可见光,之后由于有1865年麦克斯韦对电磁波的预言,1887年赫兹的证实,以及1933年杨斯基发现银河系的射电辐射,可见光观测 自此扩展到电磁波多波段观测,出现了多波段天文学.1912年,赫斯发现宇宙线,使得天文观测在电磁波观测之外多了一种手段,拉开了多信使天文学的序幕.1987年,戴维斯和小柴昌俊发现了来自超新星爆发的中微子信号,这也是人类首次探测到了来自宇宙的中微子,至此又多了一种认识和观测宇宙的信使.此后,2016年美国激光干涉引力波观测站LIGO探测到引力波,在补齐对于验证爱因斯坦广义相对论的最后一块拼图的同时,也使得引力波成为多信使天文学中最新引入的一种信使.本文介绍了电磁波、宇宙线、中微子、引力波这四种信使的基本概念、发现历史以及探测宇宙的基本原理,对其代表性的实验进行了收集整理,并就其中的一个典型实验进行了简要介绍.期望能够就多波段多信使天文学的发展历程给出一个比较完整的描摹.
Abstract
The earliest understanding and observation of the universe began with visible light.Subsequently,due to Maxwell's prediction of electromagnetic waves in 1865,Hertz's confir-mation in 1887,and Jansky's discovery of radio radiation in the Milky Way in 1933,visible light observation has been expanded to multi-band electromagnetic wave observation,leading to the emergence of multi-band astronomy.In 1912,Hess discovered cosmic rays,providing an additional means in addition to electromagnetic wave observation,and opened the prelude to multi-messenger astronomy.In 1987,Davis and Koshiba discovered neutrino signals from supernova explosions,which was the first time that humans detected neutrinos from the uni-verse,and since then there has been another kind of messenger to understand and observe the universe.Later,in 2016,the Laser Interferometric Gravitational-wave Observatory in the United States detected gravitational waves,which completed the last piece of the puzzle for verifying Einstein's general theory of relativity and made gravitational waves the last messen-ger known to multi-messenger astronomy.This paper introduces the discovery history,basic concepts,and basic principles of detecting the universe of the four messengers of electromag-netic waves,cosmic rays,neutrinos and gravitational waves.The representative experiments are collected and organized.A brief introduction is given to one of the typical experiments.It is expected to give a relatively complete description of the development of multi-band multi-messenger astronomy.
关键词
电磁波/宇宙线/中微子/引力波/多信使天文学Key words
electromagnetic wave/cosmic ray/neutrino/gravitational wave/multi-messenger astronomy引用本文复制引用
基金项目
西藏自治区科技计划(JDRC2023000009)
西藏自治区教育科学研究一般课题(2023)(XZEDGP230022)
西藏自治区教育科学研究教学研究课题(2022)(XZEDTP220101)
西藏大学硕士研究生课程建设项目(2022)()
出版年
2024
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据