从平衡态到非平衡态——关于热学课程中压强概念的一些拓展
FROM EQUILIBRIUM TO NON-EQUILIBRIUM—SOME EXTENSIONS OF THE CONCEPT OF PRESSURE IN THERMODYNAMICS COURSES
刘鹏 1吕勇军 1李元昌 1王菲 1邹健 1郑宁 1李军刚1
作者信息
- 1. 北京理工大学物理学院,北京 100081
- 折叠
摘要
在本科教学中融入科研前沿、训练科研思维对学生能力的提升有重要作用.本文以压强为例,由浅入深地梳理平衡态热力学系统中压强的推导过程,并结合软凝聚态领域最前沿的科研进展,讨论了压强在非平衡活性系统中的奇特性质——不是一个系统参量决定的状态函数,而是依赖相互作用、动力学的微观细节.本文有助于学生从不同的角度加深对压强的理解,夯实物理基础知识、了解前沿科研进展,期望抛砖引玉,能够给教师同人们一些启迪.
Abstract
Incorporating cutting-edge research and training in scientific thinking into under-graduate education plays a crucial role in enhancing students'abilities.This paper uses pres-sure as an example to progressively outline the derivation of pressure in equilibrium thermody-namic systems.It then discusses the unique properties of pressure in non-equilibrium active systems,drawing on the latest research in the field of soft condensed matter.Unlike in equi-librium systems,pressure in these non-equilibrium systems is not a state function determined by a single system parameter but depends on the microscopic details of interactions and dy-namics.This paper aims to deepen students'understanding of pressure from different perspectives,strengthen their fundamental knowledge in physics,and introduce them to cutting-edge research de-velopments.It is hoped that this work will inspire and provide insights for fellow educators.
关键词
压强/平衡态/活性物质/约束Key words
pressure/equilibrium state/active matter/constraints引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据