摘要
随着算力网络的兴起,以算力为中心的新型基础设施成为推动信息经济发展的关键引擎.数据是数字经济时代重要的生产要素,是构建新发展格局的重要支撑.数据要素市场作为连接数据和算力网络的纽带显得尤为关键,其稳健运行直接关系到算力网络的可持续发展,为信息经济体系提供了关键支撑.因此,以数据产品为起点,介绍了其在数据要素市场中所涉及的流程和这些部分之间的内在联系.之后,深入研究了数据要素市场的3个关键方面的现有工作,即数据价值、数据定价和数据交易.数据价值评估方面,针对数据相对价值评估,介绍了指标体系、指标权重和价值指数等关键环节的相关工作,针对数据资产价值评估,介绍了成本法、收益法、市场法等传统方法和基于机器学习的新兴方法.数据定价模型方面,将现有方法划分为数据集产品定价和数据服务产品定价两大类,总结了7种定价方式,并进一步分析了各个方法的优缺点及适用场景.数据交易系统方面,从系统架构的角度分析了集中式和分布式两种架构在数据交易市场中的应用,之后介绍了场内交易和场外交易两种交易模式的现状及前景.
Abstract
With the rise of computing power networks,a novel infrastructure centered around computational power has emerged as a key driver in the development of the information economy.Data,recognized as a crucial produc-tion factor in the digital era,serves as a vital pillar for constructing new development paradigms.The data factor market,acting as the link between data and computational power networks,is particularly critical.Its robust opera-tion directly affects the sustainable development of computational power networks and is provided with crucial sup-port for the information economy system.Therefore,the data products were treated as the focal point,while the pro-cesses involved in the data factor market and the inherent connections among these components were introduced.Subsequently,the existing work on three key aspects of the data factor market was studied,including data value,data pricing,and data transactions.Regarding data value assessment,key aspects such as relative data value evalua-tion were discussed,introducing indicator systems,indicator weights,and value indices.For data asset value assess-ment,traditional methods such as the cost method,income method,and market method were discussed,as well as emerging methods based on machine learning.In terms of data pricing models,existing methods were categorized into two main types:pricing for dataset products and pricing for data service products.Seven pricing methods were summarized,and the advantages,disadvantages,and applicable scenarios of each method were further analyzed.Regarding data transaction systems,the applications of centralized and distributed architectures in the data trading market were analyzed from the perspective of system architecture.The current status and prospects of both on-exchange and over-the-counter trading modes were then introduced.
基金项目
国家自然科学基金(62203249)
山东省自然科学基金(ZR2021QF115)
泰山学者计划(tsqn202211203)
山东省高等学校青创科技支持计划(2022KJ290)
山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升项目(2023TSGC0108)
济南市新高校20条项目(202228077)
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据