Association between exposure to PM2.5 and chronic kidney disease in a population with metabolic syndrome
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between long-term fine particulate matter(PM2.5)exposure and the risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD)in people with abnormal metabolism syndrome(MS)components.METHODS Based on health checkup data from a hospital in Beijing,a retrospective cohort study was used to collect annual checkup data from 2013-2019.A questionnaire was used to obtain information on demographic characteristics and lifestyle habits.We measured blood pressure,height,weight,waist circumference,concentrations of triglycerides(TG),fasting glucose,and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C).Longitude and latitude were also extracted from the addresses of the study subjects for pollutant exposure data estimation.Logistic regression models were used to explore the estimated effect of long-term PM2.5 exposure on the risk of CKD prevalence in people with abnormal MS components.Two-pollutant and multi-pollutant models were developed to test the stability of these result.Subgroup analysis was conducted based on age,the presence of MS,individual MS component abnormalities,and dual-component MS abnormalities.RESULTS The study included 1540 study subjects with abnormal MS components at baseline,206 with CKD during the study period.The association between long-term PM2.5 exposure and increased risk of CKD in people with abnormal MS fractions was statistically significant,with a 2.26-fold increase in risk of CKD for every 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure(OR=3.26,95％CI 2.72-3.90).The result in the dual-pollutant models and multi-pollutant models suggested that the association between long-term PM2 5 exposure and increased risk of CKD in people with abnormal MS fractions remained stable after controlling for contemporaneous confounding by other air pollutants.The result of subgroup analysis revealed that individuals aged 45 or older,without MS,with TG＜1.7 mmol/L,HDL-C≥ 1.04 mmol/L,without hypertension,and with central obesity and high blood sugar had a stronger association between PM2.5 exposure and CKD-related health effects.CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to PM2.5 may increase the risk of CKD in people with abnormal MS components.More attention should be paid to middle-aged and elderly people aged≥45 years,people with central obesity and hyperglycemia.
air pollutionfine particulate matterlong-term exposurechronic kidney diseasecomponents of metabolic syndrome
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