Trends in energy intake and percentage energy from macronutrients among Chinese adults in 1997-2011
OBJECTIVE To describe the level and trend of energy consumption and percentage energy from macronutrients of three meals in Chinese adults from 1997 to 2011.METHODS The China Health and Nutrition Survey database(1997-2011)was used to analyze the trends of energy consumption of three meals and percentage energy from macronutrients of adult men and women aged 18-80 years.The dietary survey was conducted using the 3-day 24-hour dietary review survey method,and the energy consumption of three meals was calculated through self-reported.RESULTS From 1997 to 2011,there were significant differences in age,gender,smoking rate,alcohol consumption rate,physical activity amount,body mass index and urbanization index among the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey populations,and the total energy intake of the whole day showed a decreasing trend year by year,the percentage energy from carbohydrates showed a decreasing trend year by year,and the percentage energy from fat and protein showed an increasing trend year by year.Stratified by gender,age and BMI,the percentage energy from macronutrients of three meals was consistent with the change trend of total daily intake.In addition,the energy and percentage energy from macronutrients of lunch and dinner were significantly higher than those of breakfast.CONCLUSION From 1997 to 2011,the percentage energy from macronutrients for lunch and dinner of Chinese adults was significantly higher than that of breakfast,energy consumption and percentage energy from carbohydrate of three meals decreased year by year,and the percentage energy from fat and protein of three meals increased year by year.
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