The activities of animals on the surfaces of murals and painted sculptures often result in fecal pollution hard to remove,which affects the aesthetic value and tends to cause various types of deterioration.Trogopterus xanthipes and Sciurotamias davidianus are two kinds of squirrels that live in and around the Maijishan Grottoes all the year round.Their brownish-black solid and liquid excrement is widely distributed on the grottoes,shotcreted cliff,surface of the trestle path and inner part of beam holes.This study is aimed at identifying screen cleaning agents and techniques for the restoration of polluted areas.This was done by coating the tested zone with biological enzymes and surfactants combined with 4％absorbent resin(SAP).The results show that the area of cleaning with artificial saliva displayed the maximum color difference,which was significantly different from the control area(the color difference values were 8.311±0.798 CIELab units,P＜0.05)and the greatest clearing rate(59.6％),which acted as an ideal cleaning agent.The species repellent experiment was carried out based on the above results.Metal spikes,capsaicin and ultrasonic avoidance devices were used for conducting on-site repellent experiments of the noxious animals.Using infrared camera monitoring,it was found that the repellent effects of the three measures were different:metal spikes had an intense effect on Sciurotamias davidianus,and they could not move within the range of the spikes after deployment;Trogopterus xanthipes showed sensitivity to capsaicin,and there was an obvious decrease in the maximum duration of activity and average daily activity frequency after spraying.The ultrasonic repellent device had a certain repellent effect at the early stage of installation,but later both of the species showed adaptability.Therefore,a reasonable combination of measures should be selected depending on the animal species.The results of this study provide a scientific basis and practical guidance for cleaning animal excrement and repelling harmful species active at similar cultural heritage sites.
维普
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