Wooden cultural relics from the Archaeological Site of the Wooden Watergate of Nanyue Kingdom and the Eastern Han Dynasty foundation site thereon have suffered from a variety of diseases.To investigate the contributing factors of these diseases,different methods(polarized light microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectrometry,ion chromatography and X-ray diffraction)were employed to test and analyze the relics,stagnant water and salts.Disease surveying and environmental monitoring were implemented as well.The microscopic characteristics of the relics indicated that the wood was from Glyptostrobus pensilis(Chinese swamp cypress)and that the cell walls had been corroded by bacteria.The FT-IR spectra show that the characteristic peak of hemicellulose had disappeared and those of cellulose and lignin had diminished or become degenerative.The salt crystals were raw plaster demonstrated by the FT-IR and XRD results,and Ca2+and SO42-were the dominant ions in the stagnant water as confirmed by ion chromatography,which illustrated that the ions had migrated to the relic surface with seepage and turned to salts.There was a significant positive correlation(P＜0.01)between the groundwater and the level wood moisture content in the western region(top),western region(bottom)and south region(top).The wood moisture contents were mostly lower than 30％and kept changing.All the above results indicate that groundwater had not only infiltrated into the relics to cause wetting,but also affected the change of wood moisture content.When the wood moisture content was lower than 30％,the wooden fibers would swell and shrink leading to fissures,but being excessively high would promote the breeding of bacteria,leading to microbial damage.Salts brought by groundwater further exacerbated the development of fissures.Eventually,affected by all the above diseases,the relics rotted away in part.This study provides a theoretical support for the subsequent conservation and restoration of the relics.
关键词
水闸/木构文物/保存状况/病害/环境监测
Key words
Watergate/Wooden cultural relics/State of preservation/Disease/Environmental monitoring
维普
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