摘要
纸质文物的保护、修复和鉴定工作需要对纸张和写印材料的构成、成分及年代进行分析.随着对纸质文物保护的重视程度不断提高,无损和微损分析技术相较于有损分析更加受到关注.本文梳理了用于纸质文物无损和微损分析的一系列相关技术,包括原子力显微镜分析、显微共聚焦拉曼光谱法、X射线光电子能谱法、光导纤维反射光谱法、太赫兹光谱法、微计算机断层扫描、表面解吸常压化学电离质谱法、飞行时间二次离子质谱法、热裂解气相色谱-质谱法、加速器质谱法、近红外光谱法结合化学计量学(主成分分析)或人工智能算法(卷积神经网络)等,并对其在纸质文物的原料鉴别、染料成分及年代分析等方面的应用发展进行了展望.纸质文物研究涉及多个学科,通过这些分析技术与实际工作的深入融合、学术交流的加强以及相关标准研究的推动,纸质文物保护、修复和鉴定工作的快速发展将得到有力的促进.
Abstract
The conservation,restoration and identification of paper cultural relics require analyses of the composition and age of paper and writing/inking materials.With more and more importance attached to the preservation of paper cultural relics,non-destructive and micro-destructive analysis technologies have gained more attention,compared to destructive analysis.This article describes a variety of relevant technologies for non-destructive and micro-destructive analysis of paper cultural relics,including atomic force microscopy,confocal micro-Raman spectrometry,X-ray photoelectron spectrometry,fiber-optic reflectance spectrometry,terahertz spectrometry,micro-computed tomography,surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry,time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry,pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry,accelerator mass spectrometry,near-infrared spectrometry combined with chemometrics(principal component analysis)or artificial intelligence algorithms(convolutional neural networks),and other technologies.The article also provides a perspective on the development of raw material identification,dye component analysis,and dating of paper cultural relics.Research on paper cultural relics involves multiple disciplines,and through the integration of these analytical technologies and practical work,the enhancement of academic exchange,and the promotion of relevant standard research,it will strongly contribute to the rapid development of methods for the preservation,restoration and identification of paper cultural relics.
维普
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