摘要
为了明确陕西咸阳汉墓出土漆奁的材质及制作工艺信息,采用扫描电镜能谱、显微拉曼光谱、傅里叶红外光谱、X射线衍射等分析技术对漆奁残片的髹漆工艺、漆膜成分、装饰材料等进行研究.结果表明,漆奁制作时采用夹纻胎工艺.内胎为两层平纹麻织物,但麻纤维整体老化、糟朽严重.漆灰层由石英、钠长石、白云母、羟基磷灰石等矿物组成.羟基磷灰石的出现表明,漆灰层内人为添加骨粉.红色漆膜的显色成分为朱砂,依据黑色漆膜能谱结果出现的铁元素,推测黑色漆膜中可能添加有含铁化合物.红外光谱分析结果显示漆膜主要成分为大漆.漆奁表面装饰金属片为银片,结合显微局部观察,确定银片的施加方式应为镶嵌.银片本体锈蚀严重,锈蚀产物主要为氯化银.该研究成果对完善关中地区汉代漆器材质及制作工艺信息、漆器表面装饰方法等具有重要作用.
Abstract
To clarify the materials and manufacturing technique for a lacquer Lian discovered from a Han tomb in Xianyang,Shaanxi Province,scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry(SEM-EDS),micro-Raman spectrometry,Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectrometry,and X-ray diffraction(XRD)were used to study the lacquering technique,chemical composition of the lacquer film,and the decoration materials for the lacquer Lian fragments.The analytical results indicate that the Jiazhutai technique was used to make the lacquer Lian,with two layers of plain linen fabric being the inner matrix.The lacquer-ash layer was composed of quartz,albite,muscovite,and hydroxyapatite.Most interestingly,the existence of hydroxyapatite suggests that powdered bone was added in the lacquer-ash layer.Cinnabar and an iron-containing material were utilized to redden and blacken the lacquer film respectively.The latter may have been added into the lacquer intentionally to acquire the effect no later than the Han Dynasties.The FTIR result reflects that lacquer film was made with raw lacquer.In addition,metal plates decorated on the lacquer Lian surface were made of silver,which were embedded.The silver plates were seriously corroded,and the corrosion products were mainly silver chloride.This research plays an important role in supplementing the information of materials,manufacturing technique,and surface decoration method for Han Dynasty lacquerware in the Guanzhong region of China.
基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0903805)
万方数据