During the Peiligang era,dating back about 9000-7000 years ago,the earliest moated settlement appeared in the East Asian continent.Through the comprehensive analyzing,we could conclude that the main functions of the moats during this period are to defend the enemy or beast,to defend the flood and to divide the area by their functions.In addition,they have the functions of preventing loss of livestock,improving the living environment of inhabitants,accessing water nearby,draining water and so on.Meanwhile,the functions of moats at each settlement are complicated with multi-functions,not single.The moats of Xiaojingshan,Tanghu and Shunshanji sites in Huanghuai area are large and complex in scale in Peiligang era.Compared with other sites in the same period,these three sites` moats had complete functions and were in the forefront at that time.
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