The Bicun site is an important prehistoric stone-walled settlement on the east bank of the Yellow River.We conducted a systematic micromorphological examination of the earthen part of the well-designed eastern gate.Our results show that the people at Bicun had a basic understanding of sediments and soils in this area.They collected brown earth with a higher clay content,which performs better as construction materials,for mudbricks and ground-raising layers.Some treatments may also be done to improve the properties of the earth.