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生成式人工智能对个人信息保护的挑战与治理路径

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以ChatGPT为代表的生成式人工智能技术给各行各业带来颠覆性变革,但也引发个人信息泄露、算法偏见、虚假信息传播等个人信息侵权危机.传统"基于权利保护"的路径过于强调个人信息保护而阻碍人工智能产业的发展,"基于风险防范"的路径则更加凸显个人信息的合理利用价值,价值选择上更优.但以权利保护和风险保护共同治理,才能实现利益平衡并建立个人信息的长效保护机制.在个人信息处理规则上,以"弱同意"规则取代僵化严苛的知情同意规则;在目的限制原则上,以"风险限定"取代"目的限定";在个人信息最小化原则上,以"风险最小化"取代"目的最小化".在此基础上,进一步加强生成式人工智能数据来源合规监管,提升算法透明性和可解释性,强化科技伦理规范和侵权责任追究.
The challenge and governance path of generative artificial intelligence to personal information protection
Generative artificial intelligence technology represented by ChatGPT has brought disruptive changes to all walks of life,but also triggered personal information infringement crises such as personal information disclosure,algorithmic bias,and false in-formation dissemination.The traditional"right protection-based"path overly emphasizes personal information protection and hin-ders the development of the artificial intelligence industry.The"risk prevention-based"path highlights the rational use value of personal information and is better in value selection.However,only by governing together with right protection and risk protection can we achieve a balance of interests and establish a long-term protection mechanism for personal information.In terms of personal information processing rules,the rigid and strict informed consent rules should be replaced by the"weak consent"rule;in terms of purpose limitation principles,the"purpose limitation"principle should be replaced by the"risk limitation";in terms of per-sonal information minimization principles,the"purpose minimization"principle should be replaced by the"risk minimization".On this basis,we should further strengthen the compliance supervision of generative artificial intelligence data sources,improve the transparency and interpretability of algorithms,and strengthen the standardization of scientific and technological ethics and the investigation of tort liability.

generative AIChatGPTpersonal information protectiongovernance path

万美秀

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南昌大学 法学院,江西 南昌 330031

生成式人工智能 ChatGPT 个人信息保护 治理路径

2024

网络安全与数据治理
华北计算机系统工程研究所(中国电子信息产业集团有限公司第六研究所)

网络安全与数据治理

影响因子:0.348
ISSN:2097-1788
年,卷(期):2024.43(4)
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