With 632 non-English major undergraduates as the participants,this study examines the necessary conditions and antecedent configurations of L2 learners'flow experience using two analytical methods of NCA(necessary condition analysis)and fsQCA(fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis).The findings are as follows:(1)challenge-skill balance is a necessary condition for generating flow experience;(2)there are four distinct antecedent configurations contributing to flow experience,which include the"goal-interest"configuration,the"goal-motivation-interest"configuration,the"goal-motivation-interaction"configuration,and the"interest-feedback"configuration.The study reveals the causal mechanism of multiple antecedent variables of L2 learners'flow experience,and provides implications for L2 teaching and learning.
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