首页|《学語編》的汉字与片假名的关系

《学語編》的汉字与片假名的关系

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《学語编》是日本名画9年(1772年)由著名学者大典顕常编写的一部类书.本文以《学語編》为研究对象,考察汉字词与其读法(片假名)之间的关系,以及古今片假名使用方法差异,进而深入探究中国汉字给日本带来的影响.研究表明,汉字是在日本学习语言的过程中不可或缺的一环,日本显然受到中国文化的影响.具体来看,汉字和片假名之间的关系可以分为"音读"和"训读".汉字词旁片假名标记频率越多的类型,采用训读表示的情况就越多.从阅读方法来看,现代日语中一般多用平假名而非片假名来标记阅读方法.但本类书中全部使用片假名来标记.其原因是片假名较平假名更强调表音性,因此,类书不受规则的影响和标记习惯的约束,片假名在该类书中被广泛使用.而且,从古代和现代的片假名使用方法差异来看,词语使用误差次数为670次.其误差类型大致可分为4种.即使是具有相同读音的词语、使用方式相似的词语、形态相似的词语,但是因为其标注形式不同,也会表现出完全不同的意思,须注意标记.虽然借用意义并不局限于汉语和日语,但在日语中所见的汉字借用意义与训读之间存在的密切关系.
The Relationship Between Chinese Kanji and Katakana in Gakugo Editions
The Gakugo Editions is a book written by a famous scholarda Dayiten Kenjyo,in 1772,the ninth year of the Japanese Meiji era.This manuscript examines the relationship between kanji and katakana,the differences in the use of katakana between ancient and modern times,and the influence of Chinese kanji on Japan,focusing on the Gakugo Editions.The result is that kanji is an integral part of learning the language in Japan,so Japan has clearly been influenced by China.Specifically,the relationship be-tween kanji and katakana is such that a distinction can be made between"phonetic reading"and"training reading".The more frequently the katakana is marked next to the kanji,the more often it is expressed by training.In terms of reading methods,in most cases in modern Japanese,hiragana is used to mark reading methods instead of katakana.However,all the books in this category use katakana.The reason for this is that hiragana is used because it is more phonetic than hiragana and is therefore less bound by notation conventions.The difference in the use of katakana between ancient and modern times shows that the number of errors in the use of words is 670.The errors can be divided into 4 types.Even words that have the same sound at first glance,words that are used in a similar way,and words that have similar morphology can have completely different meanings depending on their narrative form,so it is important to pay attention to the markers.Although borrowed meanings are not limited to Kanji and Japanese,the borrowed meanings of Kanji seen in Japanese are closely related to the training readings,so they are unique and distinctive.

Gakugo Editionsreading methodsphonetic readingtraining readingkatakanaJapanese kanji

金哲俊、崔美英

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延边大学外国语学院,延吉 133002

《学語編》 阅读方法 音读 训读 片假名 日文汉字

国家社会科学基金重大项目

22&ZD305

2024

外语学刊
黑龙江大学

外语学刊

CHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.857
ISSN:1000-0100
年,卷(期):2024.(1)
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