Parameter design and benefit evaluation of photovoltaic sunshade at entrance of tunnel
To effectively mitigate the adverse effects of abrupt changes in illumination at the entrance of expressway tunnels on drivers,reduce operational costs,based on considerations of safety and energy conservation,a study on the method of setting up photovoltaic sunshades at tunnel entrances was conducted.Firstly,30 drivers were randomly selected for on-road tests,during which eye movement,vehicle status,and environmental illuminance data were collected while driving at tunnel entrances.A mathematical modeling approach was employed to establish a relationship model between the area of the driver's pupil and environmental illuminance,determining the threshold of illuminance change for smooth visual and psychological transitions for drivers.Secondly,combining meteorological and solar radiation data,the photovoltaic simulation software PVsyst was used to simulate and calculate the annual irradiance received by photovoltaic panels at different tilt angles,proposing the optimal tilt angle for photovoltaic panel installation.Subsequently,an environmental illumination simulation model was established,which taking into account visual adaptation time and ventilation rescue requirements,the optimal length of the photovoltaic sunshade,bottom clearance height,and transmittance of the shading panels were determined,and feasible design solutions was proposed.Finally,the uniformity coefficient of illumination change inside the sunshade,the length of the photovoltaic sunshade,and the equivalent photovoltaic area were selected as evaluation indicators.Based on the relative importance of each indicator,weights were assigned using the analytic hierarchy process,and the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution method was applied to calculate and determine the optimal solution.The results show that the optimal configuration for photovoltaic sunshades at the entrance of expressway tunnels is with photovoltaic panels tilted 30° to the south,with a total length of 99 m,and proportions of photovoltaic panel area at the initial,middle,and end segments being 1/6,1/5,and 1/4 respectively,and transmittance of shading panels being 0.9,0.5 and 0.3 respectively,showing significant economic and environmental benefits.The findings of this study can enhance the safety level of driving at tunnel entrances and provide a basis for the scientific installation of new energy facilities such as photovoltaic sunshades.11 tabs,8 figs,24 refs.
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