An overview and analysis of the current status of energy storage participation in domestic and international electricity markets is provided to address the challenge posed by the gradual decrease in the proportion of synchronous resources in the power system affecting system frequency security.Commencing with the genuine need for energy storage to engage in rapid frequency regulation and bolster system frequency security,a derivation is carried out based on a clearing model for the electrical energy and reserve markets with energy storage involvement.This study systematically analyzes the system's frequency response processes with and without energy storage involvements,sets the criteria for energy storage to offer rapid frequency regulation and secondary frequency regulation,creates a joint clearing model for the electrical energy and reserve markets with independent energy storage participation and the frequency regulation ancillary service market(incorporating fast frequency regulation),and establishes the pricing mechanisms for electrical energy,operating reserves,rapid frequency regulation,and secondary frequency regulation within this model.The proposed model encompasses four crucial stages:inertia response,rapid frequency regulation,primary frequency regulation,and secondary frequency regulation,showcasing the comprehensive frequency security attributes of the power system.The simulation outcomes reveal that compared to the joint clearing model lacking energy storage participation,the proposed model reduces system operational expenses by approximately 0.72％and 0.47％in the case of the IEEE-30 and NREL-118,respectively,thereby fortifying system frequency security while cutting down operational costs.
fast frequency responseenergy storageregulating ancillary serviceelectricity marketfrequency response
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