To achieve low-carbon transformation and energy efficiency improvement of data centers,a distributed multi-energy system that incorporates various renewable energy sources and energy storage devices is introduced as their energy supply system.Firstly,an optimization objective system comprising life cycle costs,carbon emissions,energy consumption,grid electricity purchase rate,and heat waste rate is established.Subsequently,two operation strategies considering load characteristics are developed,and an improved multi-objective grasshopper optimization algorithm is employed to determine the system capacity configuration.To analyze the impact of optimization objectives and operation strategies on system optimization,various optimized design schemes are formulated by combining different optimization objectives and operation strategies.The analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method are used to assign weights to evaluation criteria,and the vlseKriterijumska optimizacija I kompromisno resenje(VIKOR)method is applied for evaluation ranking.A case study on a data center in Qinghai province is conducted to obtain its energy system optimal design and operation scheme.The results indicate that the capacities of the absorption chiller and the ground source heat pump are influenced by the operation strategy,while the capacity of the energy storage device is affected by the optimization objective.Under the same operation strategy,increasing the number of optimization objectives can enhance the overall performance of the system.The values of the fundamental optimization objectives such as life cycle costs,carbon emissions,and energy consumption show minor variations across different schemes,whereas the grid electricity purchase rate and heat waste rate exhibit significant changes.Through the implementation of five-objective optimization,which integrates heat waste rate and grid electricity purchase rate with the basic optimization objectives,the system's overall performance is notably enhanced.Specifically,the heat waste rate and grid electricity purchase rate are reduced by 62.30％and 25.92％,respectively,while renewable energy generation sees a 2％increase.
data centerdistributed multi-energy systemoptimal designoperation strategyimproved multi-objective grasshopper optimization algorithm
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