摘要
动作发展是指个体在成长过程中逐渐掌握并发展出的各种动作技能.爬行在婴幼儿动作发展中扮演着重要角色,对认知神经系统、肌肉骨骼系统、动作能力和社交能力等方面的成长发育有着积极意义.然而,我国学术界对于动作发展,尤其是爬行的重视程度相对较低,且公众对于爬行在个体成长中的重要性认知不足.以爬行这一婴幼儿时期关键的动作发展里程碑为例,运用文献资料法和逻辑分析法,系统梳理了国际上关于婴儿爬行的相关研究,包括其发展变化、多元作用、影响因素和干预措施等方面的理论研究与实践探索.对实现我国"幼有优育"的婴幼儿健康成长的研究启示主要有:开展大样本的婴儿爬行队列研究;采用婴儿爬行经历作为临床筛查的参考指标;改善婴儿家庭养育的爬行支持环境;完善特殊婴儿的爬行活动干预.
Abstract
Motor development refers to the gradual acquisition and enhancement of various motor skills throughout an individual's growth process.Crawling plays a significant role in the motor development of infants,contributing positively to the growth of cognitive,neuromuscular,motor,and social abilities.However,in China,attention paid to the importance of motor de-velopment,especially crawling,in academic fields is relatively insufficient,and the general public lacks awareness of its sig-nificance in growth.This study selects clawing,a vital motor milestone,as an example,and employs a methodological approach involving literature review and logical analysis to systematically review related international research on infant crawling,cover-ing theoretical research and practical exploration its developmental changes,multifaceted effects,influencing factors,and inter-ventions.The research inspiration for achieving the healthy growth of infants and young children with"excellent childcare"in China:conducting large-scale infant crawling queue research;Using infant crawling experience as a reference indicator for clinical screening;improving the crawling support environment for infant family rearing;refining crawling activity intervention for special infants.
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