Klara and the Sun by Kazuo Ishiguro is a fantasy about human-machine relationships in the future society.Recent studies on Klara and the Sun have focused primarily on issues such as artificial intelligence,bioethics,and technological ra-tionality,etc.From a narratological perspective,it becomes evident that Ishiguro explores and expands the narrative tech-niques by elaborating a dual narrative movement in the novel that tends to be ignored by critics.Under the parallel operation of the two implied-author-and-target-reader pairs,the novel is both a warm children's science fiction and a cruel technological prophecy.This paper attempts to interpret the dual narrative progression in the novel from the perspective of human-machine relationship.It gradually reveals the dual narrative dynamics of fairy tale and reality in the novel's"human-machine parallel-ism",analyses the divergence in discourse expression within the dual progression under the"human-machine confrontation"and its trajectory of trauma,and explores the dynamic interaction of the subject's reliability in the"human-machine inver-sion"and its aesthetic effect within such progression.
Kazuo IshiguroKlara and the Sundual narrative progressionhuman-machine relationshiptrauma